raspberry pi-3 setup with blue tooth  GKARTHIK

 

Now that it has been a few weeks since the release of the Raspberry Pi 3, support for the WiFi and Bluetooth chip has settled and you can use it with Raspbian. Support with Windows 10 IoT Core will be available in the early days via the Insider Program before it is pushed through to the full release.

As usual, with Raspbian ensure that you have your distribution up to date, with this guide we will be using Raspbian Jessie, at present it is still the ARMv7 32bit kernel. Connect your Raspberry Pi to the internet either via WiFi or Ethernet and run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y
sudo rpi-update

Installing the Software

From a console terminal, either from within your desktop environment, which at the time of writing the window manager is still LXDE. This will ensure your system is up to date.

Now you have a few options, you can install the following package:

sudo apt-get install pi-bluetooth

Which should install what you need to use the bluetooth portion of the chip, this installs the following packages which you can, if you want, install instead of pi-bluetooth:

sudo apt-get install bluez bluez-firmware

As the chip requires a firmware blob to work along with the driver. Bluez also installs a suite of tools. These will work from the console terminal. Should you wish to manage your bluetooth devices from your X environment, aka your windows manager, aka your desktop then you can install the following package:

sudo apt-get install blueman

After installing the software and drivers, reboot your Raspberry Pi. Unless you know otherwise, to load the driver for the adapter.

Terminal / Console

Bluez comes with a tool called 'bluetoothctl' which you can run from the console terminal, typing 'man bluetoothctl' does not give you a great deal of detail, so you have to type 'help' from within the software:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ bluetoothctl
[bluetooth]# help
Available commands:
  list                       List available controllers
  show [ctrl]                Controller information
  select <ctrl>              Select default controller
  devices                    List available devices
  paired-devices             List paired devices
  power <on/off>             Set controller power
  pairable <on/off>          Set controller pairable mode
  discoverable <on/off>      Set controller discoverable mode
  agent <on/off/capability>  Enable/disable agent with given capability
  default-agent              Set agent as the default one
  scan <on/off>              Scan for devices
  info <dev>                 Device information
  pair <dev>                 Pair with device
  trust <dev>                Trust device
  untrust <dev>              Untrust device
  block <dev>                Block device
  unblock <dev>              Unblock device
  remove <dev>               Remove device
  connect <dev>              Connect device
  disconnect <dev>           Disconnect device
  version                    Display version
  quit                       Quit program

Now we are in bluetoothctl we can run the commands, first lets make sure that bluetooth is on, running and discovering devices:

With the commands 'power on', 'agent on' and 'scan on'. Though we likely only need 'power on' and 'scan on'.


Devices! and while the software is running we will see devices appear, change, delete, etc. We can then connect to a device using its MAC address. Basically, we are talking to the devices directly at the hardware layer, usually on your typical WiFi or Ethernet network this is done transparently to you and we only work with IP addresses. However with Bluetooth at this point, no.

We can also then pair and trust the device and do all the fun features of Bluetooth, provided these are successful.

GUI

Some consider the blueman package and software to be unstable, though the sources saying so are a bit dated by now and it may be somewhat more stable.

When you have the blueman package installed, you should have a nice Bluetooth icon in your system tray. If you left-click with a mouse connected to your Raspberry Pi you should get a menu with all of the, hopefully, self explanatory options for you to play with, which for some reason I could not capture with scrot/imagemagick, so you get a nice photograph:

Yum, pixelated (it was an old Dell monitor). If we want to scan for devices, similarly to using the 'scan' command for bluetoothctl then we select 'Devices' on the menu:

And from here we can see what is available in the vicinity, you may be surprised at suddenly finding your neighbours smart television or phone, you will find out how thin your walls really are. It can be more fun in the office at work.

However, let us select "setup a new device":

Add New Device

Choose a pairing code

×

3 / 3

However, what I discovered is that the passkey method is practically deprecated or ignored, it may be applicable for older Bluetooth software or devices, but these days you will get a prompt appear (and for myself, then hide) on Raspbian, next to the icon for blueman, there will be a message, and in this message it will display a message like:

This device wants to pair with this machine, with this code xxxxxxxx, do you want to permit or deny?

This likely happens with new devices such as smart phones and televisions, as a security measure that you are physically holding or looking at the device in question. Of course you then 'permit' on either the device or Raspbian and the two will be paired. Allowing you to then setup drivers for your Bluetooth device functionality, to use it as a modem, in the case of a phone, share its internet access or simply send files to and from it. Potentially, you can even use it as an audio device!

Attaching to devices such as headsets tends to be easier, and usually does not use a pairing code. A standard is usually four zeroes (0000) with most consumer devices.

gkarthik pi

Raspberry Pi 3 - How to Configure Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

Now that Raspberry Pi 3 has been released with wireless capabilities including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, I thought I’d write a quick guide in order to get up and running. This guide includes setting up the Wi-Fi via the graphical user interface (GUI) and command line (CLI), connecting a Bluetooth keyboard, and connecting a Bluetooth speaker to play audio. The following examples will also work with Raspberry B+ and Raspberry Pi 2 using universal serial bus (USB) dongles.
Setting up Wi-Fi via the Graphical Interface
 This process is probably the most effective method of connecting to your Wi-Fi and also the quickest. First of all, before we get started, please make sure you are running the latest Raspberry Pi operating system; if you’re not sure, then you can head to the Downloads section on the Raspberry Pi website. Follow these steps:
1. In the Desktop environment locate the network icon in the top right hand side and click on the icon to see the list of available Wi-Fi networks to connect to (Figure 1).

2. Select your Wi-Fi SSID in the drop down list (Figure 2).

3. You will be prompted to enter your Wi-Fi password into the text box, so go ahead and do so (Figure 3).

4. Finally, click ok and you will be connected to your Wi-Fi. You should now see your signal strength displayed in the upper task bar on the right (Figure 4).

5. You should now be connected to your Wi-Fi successfully; test your connection by opening up the web browser.

Setting up Wi-Fi via the Command Line Interface
This method is suitable for those who don’t have access to the GUI normally used to setup Wi-Fi on the Raspberry Pi. It’s especially suitable for those with a serial console cable if you don’t have access to a screen or wired Ethernet. No additional software is required; everything is already included on the standard Raspberry Pi image.
First thing you need to do is scan for local wireless networks using the command sudo iwlist wlan0 scan . This will list all available Wi-Fi networks including all sorts of other useful information (Figure 5).

1. Locate the name of your Wi-Fi network in the list; this will be listed next to ESSID.
2. Under the ESSID you should also see your authentication method, which could look like the following IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1. In my case the authentication method is WPA2, which is the newer and more secure method; this quick guide will work with both WPA and WPA2. You will also need the password for your Wi-Fi. If you don’t already know this, it is usually located on the reverse side of your modem/router.
3. Now you need to add your Wi-Fi settings to the wpa-supplicant configuration file. Type the following in the command line to the configuration file: sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf. Go to the bottom of the file and add the following Wi-Fi setting, adding your setting in the quotation marks.
network={
    ssid="The_ESSID_from_earlier"
    psk="Your_wifi_password"
}
Save the file by pressing CTRL+X and then Y on the keyboard and press enter to confirm. At this point, the wpa-supplicant configuration file will normally notice within a few seconds when a change has occurred and it will try to connect to the Wi-Fi network. If the Wi-Fi does not connect then a reboot maybe required with sudo reboot . Once your Wi-Fi has connected successfully you can verify it by typing ifconfig wlan0; if the inet addr field has an IP address in it then it has successfully connected (Figure 6).

Connecting a Bluetooth Keyboard

The best method for connecting a Bluetooth device is using the bluetoothctl command from the common line interface. There is a GUI application called blueman, but this is not stable on the Raspberry Pi and will cause it to crash.
If you are running the latest Raspberry Pi OS, then all the software has already been installed. If not, then you can simply type the following to install the Bluetooth module: sudo apt-get install pi-bluetooth . Once installed, follow these next steps to pair with your Bluetooth keyboard:
1. Run the Bluetooth program by typing bluetoothctl.
2. Turn on the Bluetooth, if not already on, by typing power on.
3. Enter device discovery mode with scan on command if device is not yet listed in devices.
4. Turn the agent on with agent on.
5. Enter pair MAC Address to do the pairing between devices.
6. You maybe prompted to enter a pass code on the Bluetooth keyboard; if so, type this on the keyboard and press enter.
7. You will need to add the device to a list of trusted devices with trust MAC Address.
8. Finally, connect to your device with connect MAC Address.
Note: For a list of Bluetooth commands type help in the command line (Figure 7).

Connecting a Bluetooth Speaker
Before you get connected to your Bluetooth speaker, you will need to install Pulse Audio and its associated Bluetooth module. Pulse Audio is a sound server that receives audio input from multiple channels and filters them through to one single output or sink, as it’s known. Needless to say, go ahead and install it by typing the following in the command line: sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth . Once installed give the Raspberry Pi a quick reboot to make sure everything is in order before we start: sudo reboot .
Now that everything we need to connect to the Bluetooth speaker is installed, you can follow these steps in order to connect. The process is the same as connecting to a Bluetooth keyboard (Figure 8):
1. Turn on the Bluetooth speaker and enter discovery mode
2. Open up the command line terminal on the Raspberry Pi and run bluetoothctl
3. Power on the Bluetooth device: power on
4. Turn the agent on:  agent on
5. Scan for devices: scan on
6. Pair with your Bluetooth speaker pair MAC Address, at this point there should be no pass code to enter
7. Add the new Bluetooth speaker to the list of trusted devices: trust MAC Address
8. Now finally connect to the Bluetooth speaker: connect MAC Address

Now that you are connected to the Bluetooth speaker, you can test the connection by opening up the web browser and playing a YouTube video or something similar.

 

Raspberry Pi on Windows-gkarthik

needing:

Raspberry Pi
SD card with at least 4 GB capacity
PC or Notebook with SD card slot
Download latest Raspbian image: http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/
Download and install Win32Diskimager: http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/
Download and install Putty (SSH client): http://www.putty.org/

Writing Raspbian image to SD card

Open Win32Diskimager, select the earlier downloaded Raspbian image ("Image File") and the drive ("Device") where you have put the SD card into.

Once this is done press "Write" to write the image file.

Wait till the SD card is completely written. This can take several minutes.

Starting the Raspberry Pi

Now we can put the SD card into the Raspberry Pi's SD card slot


Once this is done, we can prepare the Raspberry Pi for it's first boot. So we the LAN cable and connect the power supply (micro USB).

Setup Raspberry Pi after first startup

To be able to connect to the Raspberry Pi via Putty (or any other SSH client) we need to know the IP address of the Raspberry Pi. I assume the Raspberry Pi is connected to your network with a DHCP server on your router. In this case you might get the IP address from admin web interface of your router.
With the IP address you can now connect to your Raspberry Pi with Putty.

Once you have entered the IP address, just click open. Putty will complain about some wrong/missing keys, just ignore it and continue. After that, you will be asked to login.

Default user name is "pi", default password is "raspberry".

Now we start the raspi-config tool where some basic things can be configured.

To make sure that Raspbian will utilize the full SD card size, select "Expand Filesystem"

All other options in raspi-config have to be set according to your needs.
Once you have finished raspi-config, we will now update the Linux system by executing the command "sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade".

serial communication pic microcontroller

RS232 is a standard for a serial communication interface which allows to send and receive data via at least three wires. With the RS232 interface it is possible to setup a connection between a microcontroller and a PC (via PC's COM port) or between two microcontrollers.
The RS232 interface can be used for many purposes like sending commands from a PC to a microcontroller, send debug information from a micontroller to a terminal, download new firmware to the microcontroller and many other things.
In this tutorial I will show how to link a PIC microcontroller to a standard PC. On the PC we will use a termial program to send and receive data. Data sent by the microcontroller will be shown in the terminal window and any key pressed inside the terminal will send the corresponding key code to the microcontroller. We will use this simple configuration to test and understand the RS232 communication.
Note that modern PCs don't have a serial port so you need to get a USB to serial converter. They are available at low cost.

Block Diagram

The following block diagram shows the whole setup:

For serial communication the line used to transmit data is called TX and the line used to receive data is called RX. The level converter is required to translate the voltage level of the microntroller to RS232 voltage level. The microntroller operates at TTL level (0V = logic 0, +5V logic 1) whereas RS232 uses around +/-12V. A very famous RS232 level converter is the MAX232 chip.

Schematic

The PIC is running at 10MHz. This will be important later when we configure the baudrate for the serial communication.
Ther RS232 level converter uses the famous MAX232 chip, but any other MAX232 compatible chip will also work. It just requires 4 capacitors to do its job. These external capacitors are required for the charge pump inside the chip which generates the required voltage levels.
The connections on the DB9 connector between pins 1,4,6 and 7,8 are required to satisfy the RS232 hardware handshake signals which we will not use here.
I have developed a RS232 module which allows direct connection to the microcontroller. It consists of a DB9 Female connector, a MAX232 compatible RS232 level converter and the capacitors. You can find the RS232 module here.

RS232 Cable

To connect the above circuit to the PC we need a RS232 cable. The below picture shows the necessary connections.

 my software coding:

RS232 communication with CCS C compiler

The CCS C compiler provides a very simple way to do serial communication via RS232. It hides all the register settings for the user. Only the some parameters have to be provided, the rest is done by the compiler. By the way, the CCS C compiler also allows to do RS232 communication via general I/O pins, i.e. software based RS232 communication instead of using the built-in UART. That is a really great feature of the CCS C compiler.
Here the code lines which are required to setup the UART for RS232 communication.

#use delay(clock=40000000)
#use rs232(baud=57600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7,bits=8)

As you can see, it is very simple!
The #use delay directive provides the compiler with the information about the clock frequency at which the PIC is running. We run the PIC at 10MHz with the 4X PLL fuse enabled, hence it is running at 40MHz, so we have to set clock=40000000.
The #use rs232 directive provides the compiler the information about the RS232 parameters which shall be used for the communication. It is more or less self explaining:

• baud=57600: specifies the baud rate for communication, we will use 57600 baud
• parity=: specifies whether a parity bit shall be used or not, we will not use it, hence we disable it
• xmit=PIN_C6: specifies the pin to be used for transmission, since we want to use the built-in UART we have to use pin RC6
• rcv=PIN_C7: specifies the pin to be used for receiption, since we want to use the built-in UART we have to use pin RC7
• bits=8: specifies the number of bits per transmitted data

 
To transmit data the following functions can be used:

int value = 1;
putc('A');                              /* transmit a character via RS232 */
puts("Test-String");                    /* transmit a string via RS232 */
printf("Transmit a value: %d", value);  /* send formatted string via RS232 */

To receive data the following functions can be used:

char ch;
char string[32];
ch = getc();                        /* receives a single character via RS232 */
gets(string);                       /* receives a string via RS232, reads */
/* characters into the string until RETURN */
/* character (13) is encountered */

Here a simple demo program for the CCS C compiler. Project download link. To run the demo, the HEX file needs to be flashed into the PIC, e.g. with PICPgm Programmer.

/*****************************************************************************/
/* RS232 communication demo wiht CCS C compiler                              */
/*****************************************************************************/
#include <18F2620.h>
#device adc=16
#FUSES NOWDT                     //No Watch Dog Timer
#FUSES WDT128                    //Watch Dog Timer uses 1:128 Postscale
#FUSES H4                        //High speed osc with HW enabled 4X PLL
#FUSES NOBROWNOUT                //No brownout reset
#FUSES LVP                       //Low voltage prgming
#FUSES NOXINST                   //Extended mode disabled (Legacy mode)
#use delay(clock=40000000)
#use rs232(baud=57600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7,bits=8)
void main()
{
int value = 85;
char ch;
char string[64];
puts("**********************************");
puts("  RS232 demo with CCS C compiler  ");
puts("**********************************");
/* start a new line (CR + LF) */
putc('\n');
putc('\r');
/* output variable in decimal format */
printf("Decimal variable output: %d\n\r", value);
/* output variable in hex format */
printf("Hex variable output: %x\n\r", value);
/* echo demo: PIC receives data and sends it back. */
/*            If ENTER key is received, this demo exits. */
puts("Type on the keyboard, PIC will echo back the characters:");
while (1)
{
/* read a single character */
ch = getc();
/* echo back the received character */
putc(ch);
}
}

RS232 communication with HI-TECH C compiler

To be done ...
 

PC connection

---

Now, since we have the required hardware and firmware, we can connect the hardware to the PC.
To be able to see the data transmitted from the Microcontroller and to send data to the Microcontroller we have to run a terminal program on the PC. There are a lot of terminal programs available. I will show here how to use HyperTerminal which is included in Microsoft Windows.

HyperTerminal Setup

If you are using Windows XP start HyperTerminal. You can find it in the Communication Folder: Start Menu->All Programs->Accessories->Communication.
 
On startup it will ask for a connection name. Just enter a text which will identify the connection, e.g. use "RS232 Demo". In the next dialog select the COM port where the PIC is connected to.

 
In the following dialog we have to set the connection properties. Needless to say, the properties have to match the settings we are using in the PIC.

 
Once this is done, just reset the PIC and the demo output shal be visible.

 
 thank you.....by gkarthik

Keyboard Shortcuts

Internet

Firefox

sub-category: Browser

description: Web Browser

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + T	new tab
CTRL + W	close tab
CTRL + SHIFT + T	recover closed tab
CTRL + TAB	next tab
CTRL + SHIFT + TAB	previous tab
ALT + [1-8]	jump to tab [number]
ALT + 9	jump to the last tab
CTRL + L	focus url bar
ESC	stop loading page
CTRL + K	focus search bar
CTRL + F	search page	search bar is always visible
/	quick search	search bar is not always visible - CTRL + G → next
CTRL + SHIFT + E	tab groups	organize tasks in tab groups
CTRL + SHIFT + Y	open download window
CTRL + SHIFT + A	open addon preferences
CTRL + D	bookmark page
CTRL + H	history
ALT + arrow left	back
ALT + arrow right	forward
F11	fullscreen
CTRL + Q	quit

Thunderbird

sub-category: E-Mail

description: Mail Client

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new mail
CTRL + ENTER	send mail
CTRL + S	save draft
CTRL + L	create link	select textarea
CTRL + Q	quit

Transmission

sub-category: Peer-to-Peer

description: P2P Client

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
ALT + C	toggle view	normal, compact
CTRL + E	open torrent folder
CTRL + P	pause
ALT + ENTER	torrent properties
DELETE	remove
SHIFT + DELETE	delete file and remove
CTRL + N	new
CTRL + U	open url
CTRL + Q	quit

Empathy

sub-category: Chat

description: Text, Voice & Video Chat Program

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + F	find account
F3	history
CTRL + Q	quit

Remmina

sub-category: Remote Access

description: Remote Desktop Client

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new
CTRL + O	connect
CTRL + E	edit
CTRL + D	delete
CTRL + X	quit

Ubuntu Desktop

Nautilus

sub-category: File Manager

description: File Manager

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + T	new tab
CTRL + W	close tab	or app if all tabs are closed
F2	rename file/folder
F3	split window
CTRL + 1	icon view
CTRL + 2	list view
CTRL + 3	compact view
CTRL + SHIFT + N	new folder
ALT + [number]	tab [number]
CTRL + L	go to location	view current path / connect to a ssh server...
CTRL + D	add bookmark	bookmarks the folder you are currently into
CTRL + Q	close all nautilus windows	it close all instances!

Dash

sub-category: Desktop

description: Overlay to search for files, applications, music, videos...

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
SUPER (Windows key or Apple Command key)	open Dash home lens	press SUPER again to close dash
SUPER + A	application lens	opens dash if it isn’t already, can be used to immediately enter applications lens
SUPER + F	file lens	opens dash if it isn’t already, can be used to immediately enter files lens
SUPER + M	music lens	opens dash if it isn’t already, can be used to immediately enter music lens
CTRL + TAB	switch to next lens

Launcher

sub-category: Desktop

description: Start and switch between applications

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
SUPER (long press)	display Unity shortcuts
SUPER + [number]	open starter on launcher position [number]
SUPER + SHIFT + [number]	open new window of app at position [number]
SUPER + TAB	switch app using the launcher

Desktop & Windows

sub-category: Desktop

description: Manage multiple workspaces to organize open applications

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + ALT + D	minimize all windows
ALT + F4	close window
CTRL + SUPER + arrow up	maximize window
CTRL + SUPER + arrow down	un-maximize window
CTRL + SUPER + arrow left	take 50% of the screen, on the left
CTRL + SUPER + arrow right	take 50% of the screen, on the right
ALT + TAB	switch to next window	scope: single workspace
ALT + SHIFT + TAB	switch between window	scope: all workspaces
ALT + `	switch to app instance	scope: single workspace ALT + [the key above tab]
CTRL + ALT + arrow	move to workspace	e.g. arrow down → move to the bottom workspace
ALT + F2	run terminal command
ALT + SPACE	open window menu	another way to minimize or close a window
CTRL + SHIFT + ALT + arrow	move focused window to workspace
SUPER + S	workspace overview
PRINT	screenshot whole desktop
ALT + PRINT	screenshot focused app
SHIFT + PRINT	take screenshot of area

HUD

sub-category: Desktop

description: Search application menus with text

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
ALT (tap)	show HUD	type to search app menu
ALT + F10	open traditional app menu

Gedit

sub-category: Editor

description: Powerful Text Editor

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new document / tab
CTRL + W	close document
CTRL + ALT + N	new tab group
CTRL + SHIFT + W	close all
CTRL + S	save
CTRL + SHIFT + S	save as
CTRL + SHIFT + L	save all
CTRL + F	find text
CTRL + H	find and replace text
CTRL + I	go to line	i not l
CTRL + C	copy
CTRL + X	cut
CTRL + V	paste
CTRL + Q	quit

Terminal

sub-category: Command-Line Interface

description: Text Console

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
TAB	autocomplete text	2x TAB, to see options
CTRL + SHIFT + V	paste	like CTRL + V in other apps
CTRL + SHIFT + T	new tab
ALT + [number]	move to tab [number]
CTRL + D	close tab	or app if all tabs are closed
CTRL + L	clear screen
CTRL + K	delete text before cursor
CTRL + R + [text]	find command in history	next → press again CTRL + R
CTRL + A	move cursor to the beginning
CTRL + E	move cursor to the end
CTRL + C	kill current task
CTRL + Z	move task to background	type ‘fg’ → foreground
~	symbol for the home folder	e.g. ‘cd ~/Documents’

Help

sub-category: Desktop

description: Ubuntu Desktop Guide

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new window
CTRL + L	focus url bar	type e.g. ‘man:ls’ to see the ls man page
ALT + arrow left	back
ALT + arrow right	forward
CTRL + W	quit

Media

Totem

sub-category: Video

description: Video Player

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
SPACE	pause
CTRL + H	toggle video controls
F11	fullscreen
F9	toggle sidebar
CTRL + S	take screenshot
CTRL + Q	quit

Rhythmbox

sub-category: Audio

description: Audio Player

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + SPACE	toggle play
CTRL + F	search
CTRL + J	jump to playing song
ALT + arrow right	next song
ALT + arrow left	last song
CTRL + U	shuffle
CTRL + R	repeat
CTRL + D	small mode (visual)
CTRL + arrow up	increase volume
CTRL + arrow down	decrease volume
ALT + ENTER	edit song metadata	used to fix errors in ID3 tags
CTRL + Q	quit
F11	party mode / fullscreen

Shotwell

sub-category: Photography

description: Photo Organizer

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + I	import photos from folder
CTRL + N	create new event	events essentially act as folders for your photos
CTRL + F	find
CTRL + E	enhance	automatically balance color and contrast.
CTRL + T	add tag(s)
CTRL + M	modify tag(s)
CTRL + SHIFT + P	publish photo(s)	upload selected photo(s) to facebook or other online sources
F2	rename photo
F5	start slideshow
CTRL + Q	quit

 

Office

LibreOffice Writer

sub-category: Word Processor

description: Word Processor compatible with Microsoft Office file formats

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + S	save current document
CTRL + SHIFT +S	save current document as	create a copy of the file, choosing a new name or location
CTRL + O	open existing document
CTRL + N	create new document
CTRL + I	italicize text
CTRL + B	bold text
CTRL + U	underline text
CTRL + ALT + C	add comment
CTRL + P	print
CTRL + SHIFT + V	paste text unformatted (spezial)	useful when inserting pre-formatted content, such as from the web
F7	check spelling
CTRL + F	find text
CTRL + H	find and replace text
CTRL + Q	quit

LibreOffice Calc

sub-category: Spreadsheet Generator

description: Spreadsheet Application (opens Microsoft file formats)

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + S	save current spreadsheet
CTRL + SHIFT + S	save current spreadsheet as	create a copy of the file, choosing a new name or location
CTRL + O	open existing spreadsheet
CTRL + N	create new spreadsheet
CTRL + F2	insert function
CTRL + +	insert cell(s)
CTRL + 1	format cell(s)
F9	recalculate cell contents
F11	modify styles and formatting
CTRL + M	clear formatting
CTRL + I	italicize text
CTRL + B	bold text
CTRL + U	underline text
CTRL + ALT + C	add comment
CTRL + P	print
CTRL + SHIFT + V	paste text unformatted	useful when inserting pre-formatted content, such as from the web
F7	check spelling
CTRL + F	find text
CTRL + H	find and replace text
CTRL + Q	quit

 

 

LibreOffice Impress

sub-category: Presentation Creator

description: Create Presentations (opens Microsoft file formats)

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + S	save current presentation
CTRL + SHIFT + S	save current presentation as	create a copy of the file, choosing a new name or location
CTRL + O	open existing presentation
CTRL + N	create new presentation
CTRL + I	italicise text
CTRL + B	bold text
CTRL + U	underline text
CTRL + P	print
CTRL + SHIFT + V	paste unformatted	useful when inserting pre-formatted content, such as from the web
F5	start slideshow
F7	check spelling
CTRL + F	find text
CTRL + H	find and replace text
CTRL + Q	quit

LibreOffice Draw

sub-category: Graphics

description: All-Purpose Diagramming and Charting Tool

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + S	save
CTRL + SHIFT + S	save as	create a copy of the file, choosing a new name or location
F2	switch to text mod
+	zoom in
-	zoom out
CTRL + SHIFT + G	group
CTRL + SHIFT + ALT + G	ungroup
CTRL + SHIFT + K	combine
CTRL + Q	quit

Games

AisleRiot Solitaire

sub-category: Card

description: Play many different Solitaire games

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new game
CTRL + D	deal
CTRL + H	hint
CTRL + O	select game
CTRL + W	quit

FreeCell Solitaire

sub-category: Card

description: Solitaire Card game

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new game
CTRL + H	hint
CTRL + W	quit

Mahjongg

sub-category: Logic

description: Mahjongg Game

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new game
CTRL + H	hint
CTRL + Z	undo
CTRL + SHIFT + Z	redo
CTRL + Q	quit

Sudoku

sub-category: Logic

description: Sudoku Game

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + N	new game
CTRL + H	hint
CTRL + B	reset game
CTRL + Z	undo
CTRL + SHIFT + Z	redo
CTRL + W	quit

Terminal Applications

less

sub-category: Command-Line Interface

description: Console document viewer - man pages are displayed by less

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
Q	quit	lowercase q
/	search	press N or SHIFT + N → next/previous search result
ALT + <	begin
ALT + >	end
h	help

vim

sub-category: Command-Line Interface

description: Text Editor

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
ESC	shift to command mode	Vim has following modes: 1. Command Mode 2. Insert Mode 3. Visual Mode
Y	yank (copy) line
U	undo line
u	undo line
yy	yank current line
y[number]	yank [number] of lines
I	insert at beginning of current line and enter insert mode
i	enter Insert mode
P	paste before
p	paste after
D	delete to EOL	EOL → End of Line
dd	delete current line
d[number]	delete [number] of lines
v	enter visual mode	Good for manipulating large amount of text.
:w	save
:new	new file
:e [filename]	open file [filename]
:%s/x/y/g	replace x by y filewide
:h	help
~	toggle case
:q	quit	VIM will give error if document has pending changes
:q!	quit without saving

top

sub-category: Command-Line Interface

description: Console System Monitor

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
q	quit
u	monitor [user] only
# [number]	set max. tasks displayed
>	move down
<	move up
m	memory info
k [PID]	kill [PID]	PID = Process ID
r [nice number]	renice	none root: 0 to 19 root:             -20 to 19
h	help

nano

sub-category: Command-Line Interface

description: Simple Text Editor

Shortcut:	Effect:	Additional Info:
CTRL + O ENTER	save	CTRL + O, then ENTER
CTRL + C	cancel
CTRL + X	quit